Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and cerebral salt wasting (CSW) are two leading causes of hyponatremia in patients with neurologic insult. Distinguishing between the two conditions can be difficult but is important because treatments are very different and misdiagnosis can lead to severe complications. The purpose of this presentation is to provide a straight-forward method for neuroscience nurses to accurately define each condition, differentiate SIADH from CSW, describe standard treatments, and identify recommendations for appropriate nursing care. After presenting a poster on this same subject at the national AANN conference, we found that many nurses struggle understanding and differentiating the two disease processes. This topic and the simple methods used, proved to be very popular and was voted first place by our peers. A deeper understanding of SIADH and CSW will increase nurses’ knowledge and confidence, promote effective patient and family education, and ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes.